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      <title>No Chalk Allowed!</title>
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        <p>Touring a few American Fitness Chains in Search of a Strength Training Gym</p>

<p>by Shaun N Jafarian</p>

<p class="center"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/chalkup.jpg" align="center" title="actual lifting = chalk up" /></p>

<blockquote><p>&#8220;Recently I’ve faced the challenge of finding a gym suitable for working toward my strength goals after spending over a year as a member of the Wichita Falls Athletic Club. To say my perspective on what constitutes a “gym,” particularly in regards to strength training, had been transformed by my time in Wichita Falls would be a gross understatement&#8230; &#8221;
</p></blockquote>

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<p class="article">
Today’s fitness industry has ushered in a new paradigm of what Americans consider a “gym.” In cities across the country the traditional small, privately-owned gymnasiums are being quickly replaced by large corporately owned “fitness center” chains. Mammoth palaces of colorful machines, even more colorful clothing, at least one juice bar, and more tubes of shame (aka tanning beds) than flat benches. They’ve got all the amenities today’s common gym rat or <i>Rattus plebeius palestra</i> to the scientifically inclined, could possibly desire. One can flail around on a giant rubber ball, enjoy a delicious $8 smoothie, or go strap into a futuristic machine that looks as though it was designed to be the centerpiece of one of <i>Tool’s</i> music videos. How about pedaling away on a stationary bike in a movie theater while giant robots battle it out on the big screen? Yes, you can.</p>
<p class="article">
However, if one’s interest is true strength training, as opposed to comparing apparel while mastering stairs, these bastions of fitness may leave something to be desired. Recently I’ve faced the challenge of finding a gym suitable for working toward my strength goals after spending over a year as a member of the Wichita Falls Athletic Club. To say my perspective on what constitutes a “gym,” particularly in regards to strength training, had been transformed by my time in Wichita Falls would be a gross understatement. I’ll admit it; 15 years ago I might have been referred to as a disco bodybuilder. I was completely comfortable using 18 different machines on “chest day” and never really getting any stronger. As an adult with more education and experience I now lift weights exclusively for the purpose of getting stronger. And my notions of what constitutes an acceptable training environment have transformed into a more pragmatic, utilitarian model.</p>
<p class="article">
While this model was embodied quite well in the WFAC, Uncle Sam would have it that I move on from my time in Texas. I had to say goodbye to the familiar round iron York plates, the old school power racks, the presence of chalk <i>everywhere</i>, including the air, and the smell of varnish in the Olympic room when the platforms had been freshly refinished. It was time to find a new place to train. I was about to return to a world where the odor of perfume hung around the cardio equipment while cheap cologne assaulted the senses near the weights. I’d be training in places that made it impossible to even touch a weight without simultaneously viewing oneself in 3 different mirrors. Abattoirs filled with hipsters bouncing up and down on giant rubber balls in a fashion reminiscent of the recent <i>South Park</i> episode about testicular cancer. Pragmatic utilitarianism was about to be swapped for gaudy pretentiousness.</p>
<p class="article">
 As I made my trek across the country I had the opportunity to sample several of the big-name fitness conglomerates. It had been several years since I’d stepped foot in one of these atrocities, and despite my horror I’m sure it was my eyes that had changed over the years far more than the gyms themselves. In total I would visit gyms in 6 states in just a couple of weeks, from the West coast to the western edge of the Eastern Time zone. </p>
<hr class="updates"/>
<p class="article">
First up, 24 Hour Fitness. Nearly 30 years in business, this is the world’s largest commercial fitness center chain.&nbsp; It’s the Wal-Mart for those looking to generically enhance their health through exercise.&nbsp; Just as the above mentioned discount retailer, 24 Hour Fitness gyms can be found in an assortment of sizes. From the enormous 100,000 square foot “Ultra-Sport” to the miniature single room “Fit-Lite,” it would seem at first glance this mighty corporate fitness chain should have everyone’s training needs covered. Clearly the gym’s title invokes a sense of convenience; the notion that one can go train 24 hours a day could be enticing to some. However, as it turns out the name doesn’t say it all. Several of them that I encountered would close on Saturday and Sunday night, effectively becoming “24 Hour Fitness, Except on Weekends.”&nbsp; On their website I signed up for a 7 day free trial and proceeded to one of their “Super Sport” locations. This particular iteration occupied about 60,000 square feet in a shopping district a few miles outside of a metropolitan area. After tolerating the requisite sales pitch and repeatedly explaining I just wanted to “try it out,” I was set free amongst a vast array of equipment I will simply never use. This is a fact that applies to all the big fitness centers I would eventually visit on this fruitless search for a serious strength training club. It is not an exaggeration to say that 95% of the equipment in these places is totally unnecessary and a good portion of it counterproductive to strength training. </p>
<p class="article">
An example; The Kegel machine. At least that’s what I’ve always called it. A few seconds wasted on Google indicated this repugnant piece of hardware is referred to as an adduction/abduction machine. A middle aged trophy wife can usually be seen occupying this ridiculous contraption, legs spreading and closing ever so rhythmically while her ipod fills her head with the sounds of Michael Bolton. Henceforth this machine will be known as… the Kegel machine. If your gym has more Kegel machines than power racks, it’s time to find a new one. There is absolutely no functional reason whatsoever to apply resistance to one’s hips and inner thighs in this manner. I’ll leave a refutation of this statement to the more imaginative.<br /><br /> </p><p>
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</p><p class="article">
This 24 Hour Fitness was home to a single power rack. Next to it was an angled squat rack, while two Smith machines sat in close proximity. The Smith machines were occupied with people doing whatever it is they do with that thing while the power rack was empty. I was happy to see some round plates mixed in with the 12 sided rubber-coated ones that always dominate these clubs. There was no dedicated deadlift platform, but that was no big deal since the power rack and round plates were all I needed. This rack did not include a pull-up bar at the top. No chalk was offered anywhere in the gym, but this was no surprise. I had brought my own, and I also noticed a few faint remnants of past chalk use on the bar. That’s a good sign and one that would be absent in some of the other clubs I’d call on. I was able to accomplish a standard 5x5 day of squats, presses and deadlifts without ever having to venture outside the familiar comfort of the only power rack in the joint. I finished my workout with a few sets of dips on an assisted dip/pull-up machine after stowing the gravity-defying pad-of-the-weak. This was the only option because a conventional dip station was nowhere to be found.</p>
<p class="article">
 Assisted chin/dip machines are another pet peeve of mine that are all too common in these corporate clubs. The dip handles can usually be rotated in and out to provide two width settings, however the pull-up bar is limited to a relatively wide grip, as the dip movement necessitates room for the lifter’s head at the top of the exercise. In this case, form follows dysfunction. Moving the pad-of-the-weak out of the way usually requires removing the pin from the weight stack, pushing the pad to the floor and replacing the pin in a hidden hole on the bottom of the pad that will hold it to the frame of the machine. Others simply fold up, so that one’s legs constantly hit the bottom of it on each repetition of a set of pull-ups, reminding the lifter that he’s using a machine for an exercise that it wasn’t really designed for. Now, I don’t have a problem with this machine per se; it’s a great tool for geriatric women and morbidly obese teenagers to be introduced to the basic movement associated with dips and pull-ups. But it’d be nice to have the option to do these routines properly and not necessarily on the same piece of hardware. The unassisted, combined leg lift, dip, pull-up station often suffers from the same excessively wide grip pull-up bar unless the bar is placed on the opposite side of the dip handles, which is a rare find in these gyms.</p>
<p class="article">
In total I would visit 4 different 24 Hour Fitness locations. One of them had a dedicated deadlift platform, none of them had more than two power racks, one had a single rowing machine, (my preferred warm up routine) and two of the four had nothing but 12-sided plates. The problem with doing heavy deadlifts with 12-sided plates deserves an article all on its own, more on this later. None of them offered belts on loan, but they were more than happy to sell me a shiny new one at what I assume to be about 1000% markup. Overall, if it’s all that’s available I could make this place work temporarily, but it’s far from ideal. </p>
<p class="article">
It’s probably been noticed that I’ve yet to address power cleans or any type of Olympic lifting equipment. Reason being, I simply never encountered any. Do not go to a commercial fitness chain expecting to engage in any type of movement that will result in dropping a loaded barbell to the deck. Occasionally I’d see some peculiar person doing a really fast reverse curl with a barbell that could not be distinguish between an abhorrent attempt at a clean or some terrible type of palsy. Either way, thankfully no one is dropping barbells because the proper equipment is just not present. CrossFit gyms most certainly have provisions for this, but again, a whole ’nother article. </p>
<p class="article">
Speaking of CrossFit, it has found its way into almost every gym, corporate or otherwise. Much like venereal disease, it spreads voraciously, is difficult to get rid of and can really ruin what should have been an enjoyable experience. Furthermore if not stopped in its tracks it can lead to hospitalization and/or personal disfigurement.&nbsp; I discovered a small, privately owned gym in the Midwest that I initially had high hopes for. While definitely not a dedicated CrossFit gym, it certainly was friendly to true believers despite the total absence of Olympic lifting equipment. They had a couple power racks, round plates, the very minimum requirements. This experience was unique in that the patrons themselves made the place nearly intolerable and unusable. I was able to gain entrance with a small fee and a brief speech from the girl at the counter. Imagine my surprise when I spotted a man on a treadmill, running at what appeared to be full speed, with a 25 pound dumbbell in each hand, doing an assortment of random presses, swings, flails, curls, extensions and pulls. (Don’t ask me… try to picture it yourself.) The girl noticed the look on my face as I glanced at this spectacle.<br /><br /></p><p>
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</p><p class="article">“Oh he’s a firefighter.” She proclaimed so matter-of-factly. As though I should have known.</p>
<p class="article">“Oh, well obviously. I’ll go get my lighter from the car.” She didn’t get it, or didn’t think I was funny.</p>
<p class="article">“And one more thing, we don’t allow any cell phone use in the gym.” She lowered her chin and tried to look stern.</p>
<p class="article">“You’re telling me I’m not allowed to pull my phone out of my pocket in here but doing <i>that</i> is okay?” I queried with raised eyebrows as I gestured towards what I assumed would result in a call to 911 within the minute. “I won’t be here long.” Tough crowd. She wasn’t nearly as amused by the situation as I was.</p>
<p class="article">
I gave the treadmill section a wide berth as I made my way to the weights, vigilant for an errant flying dumbbell I was certain would come crashing down somewhere. I wish I could say the speedy, dexterous fireman and his stationary sprint to strength was the end of the absurdity, but I hadn’t seen anything yet. In the weight section I discovered an eclectic collection of crossfitters, bodybuilders, Jersey shore hipsters and steroid monstrosities, all of them thrashing and bounding about the equipment. It was like walking into that bar in <i>Star Wars</i>, only the glasses had been replaced with kettlebells and the cantina band consisted of four tank top clad doofusses occupying a single flat bench, one appearing to press, another standing above him doing some kind of bent-over row with the same bar, and the other two on either side chanting some meathead cadence in which the chorus included “It’s all you, bro!” </p>
<p class="article">
This should have been my cue to make a hasty retreat, but I figured I ought to get my training for the day accomplished, and I must admit I couldn’t pass up the chance of witnessing some epic train wreck – maybe a crossfitter doing deadlifts on roller skates merged head-on with a guy doing Turkish get-ups in the Smith machine. Alas, it didn’t happen – at least not while I was there. I was doing high bar Olympic squats in the power rack when some strange little man approached mid-concentric to offer up his unsolicited training advice.</p>
<p class="article">
“You’re squatting too low bro, gonna hurt your knees.” This was one of those moments my years in the U.S. military paid off. It had made me an expert in completely tuning out obnoxious noise and meaningless drivel. I continued my set as though my uninvited coach weren’t there. He took the hint and moved on, to his other trainees I presume. This gratuitous instruction offered up by strangers is a great motivator for building one’s own home gym. This place was amongst the worst I’d encountered in this regard.&nbsp; I must admit however, when it came time to hit the flat bench I was tempted to implore the chanting quartet to come cheer me on. Thankfully good judgment prevailed. I guess it really was “all me bro!” I had a fleeting desire to finish my routine with a little time on the treadmill. Very fleeting. </p>
<p class="article">
On my way out I was nearly obliterated by some tank top clad defective in a maximum sprint that had just leaped out of the Hammer Strength spider curl machine.&nbsp; He was on his way to the leg extension device, and from the speed and madness thereby demonstrated that his little life depended on some very short timeline to get there. I didn’t even have time to contemplate how entertaining tripping his dumb ass would have been. He clumsily landed at his destination and exploded into a frenzy of leg extensions that would have made Jack Lalanne, or whoever invented that machine during Prohibition, either roll over in his grave or shake his ghost fist in… confusion?&nbsp; I’m certain that this guy was not genuflecting at the altar of the <i>Fran time</i>, but he was some kind of true believer. Really, what does it matter? It’s like the difference between a Wahabi and a Salafi – is it really important whether they want to use a dull scimitar or a sharp kard to sever my head on video? No it isn’t. A zealot is a zealot, and modern gyms are full of them.</p>
<p class="article">Overall, the members of this place encompassed the very worst of the contemporary fitness mindset. Ostentatious, uninformed sycophants turning useful equipment into broken components of a Rube Goldberg machine.&nbsp; “True believers” is an important phrase I’ve used a couple of times; it seems as though the fields of fitness and nutrition have a certain religious nuance to them. People often follow self-proclaimed “gurus” blindly and without the slightest hint of objectivity. Even in the absence of an “authority,” folks often hear some blather from someone who’s only credentials are above-average biceps. They then proceed to spread this frequently erroneous information like manure on their organic garden, and the results are what we find in these fitness centers.<br /><br /></p><p>
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</p><p class="article">
Up next, the quintessential bodybuilding altar, Gold’s Gym. While it doesn’t quite boast as many members as 24 Hour, this ubiquitous club has over 700 locations worldwide and was made famous many years ago by the likes of Arnold Schwarzenegger and a host of other celebrities whose names adorn the walls of each location. Like the other corporate gyms, a free trial was just a few clicks away and I soon found myself enduring another guided tour and scripted sales pitch. The pillar of this peddling was the “personal training” they offered. For some asinine amount of money beyond the standard gym fee I could have my own personal parrot to echo cliché phrases of encouragement speckled with staccato technique tips. Now, to be fair, this isn’t necessarily a bad thing for those just starting a fitness regimen, providing the trainer’s education on the matter is sound. While I cannot attest as to whether this was the case or not, I will say based on how hard the salesman was pushing the issue that it must generate a lot of revenue. The rest of the tour consisted of pointing out all the amenities, or should I say <i>gimmicks</i>, that weren’t relevant to my particular style of training. Namely, Cardio Cinema. As we approached the closed, windowless double doors I could hear a low, deep rumbling coming from within. Inside, <i>Transformers</i> played on a giant screen in the dark theater filled with stationary bikes, elliptical riders and stair masters. I was a bit mesmerized at first. I mean despite the fact that I’d probably never step foot in here again (unless they were playing some flick I desperately wanted to see, but then I’d rather sit on a couch or something as opposed to a stationary bike – perhaps I could affix three giant rubber balls together with one of those big rubber band thingies that seem to be everywhere to construct a makeshift Lazy Boy), it’s a brilliant marketing idea.</p>
<p class="article">
Not only should it appeal to capitalists as it’s obviously a lucrative concept –&nbsp; <i>“What? You mean I can watch Will Smith combat aliens and burn calories? At the same time? Where do I sign up?”</i> – it’s also an effective way to get sedentary Americans off the couch and on to the stair master, or elliptical rider, or whatever other astronaut training apparatus they stick in there. As a side note I didn’t see any treadmills in these dark auditoriums. I suspect the corporate lawyers at Gold’s headquarters figured out the inherent risks associated with treadmills in dark rooms, even in the absence of dumbbell swinging firemen. So for many patrons it’s a good thing. For a trainee who doesn’t require a ploy to get up and PT, it’s a luxury at best and a waste of money at worst. While its use is included in the membership fees, I imagine Cardio Cinema isn’t cheap to build and maintain. Personally I’d rather not pay for it, which I didn’t on this particular day, so I enjoyed the robots for a few moments and moved on. On my way out I noticed a sign indicating <i>Yentl</i> was up next on the big screen. Obviously they have all the angles covered.</p>
<p class="article">
After the tour of the juice bar and a painfully-detailed explanation of all the flavors of protein shakes I could consume there, I began my routine back in the free weights. This brings up another recurring theme in all these clubs: the weights are always hidden away in the back somewhere. It reminds me of the layout of a casino. Upon walking in, the flashy yet coma-inducing 25 cent slot machines are right out front. If one’s interest is playing a game that requires slightly more skill a little more exploration is required. This Gold’s had only one power rack, a couple of angled squat racks, and no less than five flat benches. It’s always “chest day” at Gold’s. I attempted to plan my routine out visually from start to finish. It seemed as though everything required was present, but overcrowding was an issue. This could be avoided by going during off-peak hours, but I didn’t have that luxury. I approached the character in the power rack that was doing curls with the barbell.</p>
<p class="article">
“How many sets do you have left?” I tried to be assertive but polite. Seeing this useful piece of equipment being wasted in this manner is a very common but nonetheless aggravating sight.</p>
<p class="article">
“Three. You wanna work in?”</p>
<p class="article">
“Thanks but I don’t think that’ll work very well. I intend to use this for what it was designed for.” In hindsight I should have taken him up on the offer, and then proceeded to completely reconfigure the rack for squatting and load the barbell up between every set.&nbsp; Using finite resources in this silly fashion should always be addressed, but I was a guest on this occasion and I really just wanted to get my training done and get out of there.</p>
<p class="article"> 
When it was my turn with the rack the first thing I noticed was the proximity of the angled rack to the right and the Smith machine to the left. No more than 12 inches separated the equipment, so little that the notion of lifters loading or unloading barbells simultaneously between adjacent racks was totally impossible.&nbsp; In fact, a few times I was concerned that the ends of the barbells could strike each other if I wasn’t extra careful. Not the kind of thing one really needs on the brain while squatting heavy.&nbsp; The guy in the angle rack was squatting as well, and we managed to time our plate changing so as to not get caught up in the foot of space between the machines. At one point I decided to comment on it to him.<br /><br /></p><p>
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</p><p class="article">
“You think they put enough space between the racks in here? I bet if they really wanted they could find a way to fit another one right here between them.”</p>
<p class="article">
“Yeah they really stack ‘em in back here. It seems like there’s more room between the machines and the cardio stuff.”</p>
<p class="article">
“They need to stick a Kegel machine, on its side, right here between the power rack and the squat rack. THAT would be effective use of space.”</p>
<p class="article">
“A… what machine?” </p>
<p class="article">
“Never mind.” </p>
<p class="article">
The proximity of the racks to the wall of mirrors was not ideal. A lot of folks really enjoy looking at themselves while they lift.&nbsp; I’m not one of them, and I find mirrors a potential distraction while squatting, particularly if the rack is positioned right up against one.&nbsp; A mirror is not a strength training tool, it’s a grooming tool. I realize that a lot of the people in these places do not discern a difference between these two activities, so mirrors abound.</p>
<p class="article"> 
I visited 6 different Gold’s locations. Much like 24 Hour, some were better than others, and while overall I could get some basic strength training accomplished, none of them allowed for proper cleans or anything that resembled the Olympic lifts. A couple of them had no round plates whatsoever, but on the other hand I did manage to locate a couple of conventional dip stations and a nice straight pull up bar at the top of a power rack. Every single one of them had an adjoining tanning salon and a store selling overpriced supplements and protein shakes. Again, this chain is known for catering to bodybuilders, and it really shows. By this point I should have been able to ignore eccentric behavior in these places, but a few things stood out that just seemed to scream “Gold’s.” For one, wearing wrist straps in this place is apparently some type of badge of honor or gang indicator of some sort. By simply glancing in one of the four Cardinal directions I could find at least one bloated, moon-faced “bro” with wrist straps hanging below his hands. Seldom are the straps in use, but always present. I actually saw someone chugging along on an elliptical rider with wrist straps hanging freely. I would have been more impressed had he wrapped up to the grips on the machine. But again, I’m a pragmatist.</p>
<p class="article">&nbsp; 
If Gold’s was the most usable and tolerable fitness chain for strength training that I’d investigated, then Planet Fitness was the least. I’m pretty sure I’m physically weaker just for having stepped into one of these. I must reiterate – <i>one</i> of these. That’s all it took. I’ll never go to another one, and I may just avoid any business located on the same block for good measure. There are over 500 of these franchises nationwide, and they were a major sponsor for the reality TV show, <i>The Biggest Loser</i>. Lots of jokes I could go with here; I’m going to take the high road this time and just describe what I witnessed. 
As I approached the front desk I noticed a large stack of Krispy Kreme doughnuts there for the taking. I would later learn that they offer pizza on other days, and bowls of various free candies are always available. This chain claims to cater to people who are new to “working out” as well as the more experienced trainees, however their gimmick to help get people in the door is to offer up the most calorically dense foods on Earth for free upon arrival.&nbsp; The words, “Judgment Free Zone” were painted in giant letters on the wall, in addition to an utterly precious “Planet Fitness= No Critics.” The entire place is painted in a stomach turning combination of purple and yellow, the colors of royalty and cowardice, or in combination, royal cowards. The guided tour took me through the seemingly infinite rows of treadmills, ellipticals and stationary bikes, the little David Beckham-looking purple employee blathering on about a host of stomach turning ethos, all of which were plastered up on the wall. When we got to the small weight section, (in the back, of course) I saw a single angled rack, a bench, and a Smith machine. I paused briefly to watch some smith machine warrior setting up under the bar, complete with the big black pad in place to protect his fragile traps from all that Smith machine-supported mass.&nbsp; He proceeded to engage in some type of “lift” that appeared to be a sort of achilles tendon stretching exercise, or perhaps a spleen expanding technique. One of those, maybe both. I noticed a usable pull-up bar fixed to its familiar place in the center of the dual circuit machine. Unfortunately someone was using both sides of the cables it sat above; he seemed to be training for the lead role in the Broadway rendition of <i>Spiderman</i>.</p>
<p class="article"> 
And then I saw it. A sign fixed to a pillar that read “No Chalk Allowed!” Honestly I found it curious that they would even <i>need</i> to post such a sign.&nbsp; The place is disturbingly clean. I’m certain it’s sterile enough to be used to manufacture microchips or perform open heart surgery right there next to the row of Kegel machines. I have nothing against cleanliness in general (despite the appearance of my living quarters), but this gym looked like what Orwell would have described as a gym in <i>1984</i>. Clones simultaneously churning away on spaceman machines while frantically cleaning everything around them.<br /><br /></p><p>
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</p><p class="article">
Anyway, there must have been a chalk-related incident recently to warrant the sign.&nbsp; As it turns out, “incidents” are not uncommon in this chain – they made the news not too long ago over the most preposterous of their policies. The now famous “Lunk Alarm.” I don’t know which soulless piece of human debris on the board of directors came up with this one, but it pretty much sums up the atmosphere this corporate franchise offers its members. Whenever a patron does something in this place the handlers disapprove of, an actual alarm will sound. Another axiom on the purple wall: “Lunk = One who grunts, drops weights, or judges.” My piss began to boil at the shear hypocrisy. If a person does anything that resembles actual strength training he will be immediately <i>judged</i> as being a “lunk,” and <i>critiqued</i> with a blaring alarm. The few people I saw screwing around with the dumbbells looked as though they were handling fragile porcelain figurines, concentrating more on quietly placing them on the rack than actually using them.</p>
<p class="article"> 
By this point I knew I wouldn’t attempt to train in this place at all, so I figured I’d entertain myself at Beckham’s expense.</p>
<p class="article">
“Can I do cleans here?”</p>
<p class="article">
“Clean? Well we ask that you sanitize any equipment you use with our complimentary wet naps, but we have a staff that takes care of most the cleaning.” I looked at him as though he just told me he wanted to impregnate my sister, and I don’t even have a sister.&nbsp; Although just for my own personal amusement at this point, I had to continue.</p>
<p class="article">
“What about deadlifts? Can I deadlift here?”</p>
<p class="article">
“No, you can’t do that here, but you can…” I cut him off mid-sentence. Whatever substitute for deadlifts this frail sap was about to offer would likely sicken me to the point as to force me to evacuate my bowels right there on the sterilized floor.</p>
<p class="article">
“Then I really can’t work out here.” I grabbed a chocolate doughnut on my way out the door. I figured I had likely developed diabetes just by walking around the place, so I might as well finish myself off. Planet Fitness is for out of shape Americans to go and stay out of shape. It’s the kind of place where pretentious, physically weak people pay money so that they can tell their friends they “work out” in a “judgment free zone.” The feeding of the cattle with unhealthy confections both before they pedal away to <i>Dancing with the Stars</i> and as they sashay back to their Toyota Prius’s couldn’t be more perfect. I do believe Planet Fitness is a glimpse into the future of the American fitness industry.</p>
<hr class="updates" />
<p class="article">
This is where we’ve arrived. The days of the privately owned, friendly gyms where people go simply to get physically stronger are coming to an end. Of course they still exist <i>now</i>, but mainly in circles where true strength training is an athletic necessity. Those of us amateurs who lack access to professional facilities often find ourselves making do with what these conglomerate fitness chains have to offer. It is possible to accomplish strength goals in these places, but it requires a little bit of flexibility and creativity. Above all it demands tolerance for exceptionally silly nonsense.&nbsp; G. K. Chesterton once said, “Tolerance is the virtue of the man without convictions.” While perhaps a bit extreme in this instance, the idiom is not without merit. When one finds himself training at a gym that doesn’t fully suit his needs, the process of either finding or creating an ideal setting should be as critical as the physical progression itself</p>
<p class="article">
I learned several important lessons in this tour of extravaganzas. First off, bringing any ancillary gear to the gym is mandatory, as it doesn’t exist in most of these places. Belts, both the support type and the weight bearing varieties, should be owned by the lifter regardless of where he trains. Years ago I picked up a “chalk sock” at a sporting goods store. It’s a small egg shaped piece of flexible fabric filled with chalk. While actually meant for rock climbers it works perfectly for clandestinely chalking up in a club that doesn’t allow it. The greater challenge lies in finding equipment that allows for a full routine. In a couple gyms that seemed at first glance to only have 12-sided plates I was able to spot a pair of round iron 100-pounders over on the leg sled. Putting the 12-sided ones over these makes the deadlift bar still usable, the diameter being greater than the dodecagon plates. In fact, a single round 45-pound plate on each side will usually allow for 12-sided ones to be used safely without the asymmetrical shifting on the floor that occurs with those goofy things by themselves.</p>
<p class="article"> 
CrossFit dedicated gyms almost always possess effective strength and Olympic training equipment; however the costs – both monetarily and psychologically – are the prohibiting factor. If they’ll allow someone to train in their facility without paying $300 per month to be taught to spin a kettlebell on the nose while doing burpees, it’d be a viable option. Equipment-wise, strength training doesn’t require all that much and neither does Olympic lifting.</p>
<p class="article">
My long term goal with respect to equipment is simply to own what I need and have adequate space to use it. Two years worth of dues at a commercial fitness chain would be more than a healthy start on a home gym. So what would define my perfect strength training facility? It’s incredibly simple: some type of rack to squat with, either power or stands like most Olympic lifters use, a flat bench, a pull-up bar, some dip bars and maybe a rowing machine to loosen up with. A platform for the Olympic lifts and a decent array of bumper plates, a bucket of chalk and a distinct lack of mirrors. While I tend to do all my cardio outdoors, I guess a functional treadmill would be a nice to have as a luxury for when the weather doesn’t cooperate.&nbsp; I may be oversimplifying things a bit, but the point is that wasting money and time negotiating the obstacle course that is the modern American fitness center is difficult for me to justify. </p>
<p class="article">
If nothing more, I’d like the reader to come away from this article with the desire to actively seek their own ideal training environment. To not simply accept what we’ve all been force-fed as the latest and greatest fortresses of fitness, and refuse to settle for gimmicks and pseudoscience. Get back to the vital elements of training based on goals and proven strategies, but above all, enjoy doing so.<br /><br /></p>
<hr class="subtitle" />
<p class="article"><b>Shaun N. Jafarian</b> hails from Salt Lake City UT and has been a student of strength and fitness for two decades. Having had the fortune of receiving coaching from Mark Rippetoe and Dan John, he has a passion for strength athletics. He has had an eclectic 14-year military career, from serving as a tank commander in the U.S. Marine Corps to a rated pilot in the Air National Guard. He studied mathematics at the University of Utah. This is his first article on the subject of strength and fitness.<br /><br /></p> 
      ]]></content>
    </entry>

    <entry>
      <title>Iron Icons: Ken Patera</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/iron_icons_ken_patera" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.261</id>
      <published>2012-05-10T16:37:24Z</published>
      <updated>2012-05-10T12:09:26Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Articles"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C26"
        label="Articles" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p>by Marty Gallagher</p>

<p class="center"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/patera_press.jpg" align="center" title="Patera press" /></p>

<blockquote><p>Ken Patera military presses a 1st attempt press with 456. At the time, the world record press was 483 held by Vasily Alexeev. Ken went on to press 472 on this day. Note complete lack of layback used to push through the sticking point. Imagine the triceps and shoulder strength needed to push 470 pounds overhead in this super-strict fashion.
</p></blockquote>

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</p><p class="article"> When Mark Rippetoe is asked to pinpoint the single biggest reason for the sorry state of American Olympic weightlifting, he responds unhesitatingly and without equivocation, “American lifters are <i>weak!</i>” You can’t get more succinct, pithy or pointed than that four word summation. American Olympic weightlifting coaches are in danger of going to the 2012 London Olympic Games by themselves. The USA is in the embarrassing position of not yet qualifying a single men’s lifter for the upcoming Games. Anyone want to bet that our USA Weightlifting coaches (who should be hiding in shame) go to the London Games anyway?&nbsp; Watch as the coaches and managers (without any athletes to coach and manage) march proudly in the opening ceremonies and wine and dine on the taxpayer dime. Is this not ridiculous? That coaches without athletes might participate without a trace of irony or embarrassment would happen because no one calls them to account. Amongst the entrenched athletic aristocracy the standard smug retort is: “Any foreign lifter that places above an American is obviously on drugs (beating the most sophisticated testing known to man), and were it not for these drugged athletes we would rule the world. Plus, as a consolation prize, while we Americans might not field the strongest team (or the <i>thirtieth</i> strongest team) we are certainly the <i>cleanest</i> team.”</p>
<p class="article">Well, isn’t that comforting! There was a time when American Olympic lifters were super strong – strong to the point that if a wayward snatch, clean, or jerk or an overhead press got slightly out of the groove, these powerhouse athletes had such a super abundance of super-strength they would simply power the errant barbell back into the prescribed motor pathway. A technique lifter is capable of lifting more, as a percentage, of his available strength, than the stronger lifter with poor technique. However, while this strategy is seductive (lift more thru continual honing of technique) it is ultimately flawed: being able to harness 97% of very little available strength is admirable; however the precision technician loses to the uber-strong goon that only harnesses 72% of his strength using horrific technique. The former might be super efficient snatching 300 pounds while the later ridiculously inefficient snatching 400. Unfortunately for American lifters, style points are not awarded in Olympic weightlifting. </p>
<hr class="updates" />
<p class="article">One of the finest examples of “strength overcompensation” occurred in Canberra, Australia on November 26, 1988 when Leonid Taranenko set the all-time clean and jerk world record of 266.0 kilos, 586 pounds, in the clean and jerk. That record has not been exceeded to this day, a quarter of a century later, and remains the most weight ever lifted overhead by a human. The story behind the lift is that Taranenko had not intended on extending himself at this competition. However when the meet promoter approached him and told him he would pay $5,000 dollars for a world record clean and jerk, Leonid got real motivated real quick. He was not in top shape but highly motivated: he wanted the cash and as a result extended himself way past his capacity on that particular day. How hard he fought to save this world record (when he normally would have let it go) is a story worth retelling in detail later. The point is this: the technique Taranenko exhibited on this lift, the most weight ever lifted overhead by any man, was terrible! He used his excess strength to overcome a badly out-of-position barbell thru every phase of the historic lift. He had to bounce his way out of the squat clean after he was pinned by the massive poundage. On his second bottom bounce, he barely caught traction and recovered. On the jerk, things got even worse; he had to step awkwardly to his left to dramatically save the lift.&nbsp; Without an excess of power this lift was lost. Readers can look at the lift on YouTube.</p>
<p class="artimg"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/lt_video_sm.jpg" class="floatleft" title="266 jerk frame" />
Video frame shows just how out of position Taranenko was with the 586 jerk. Excess strength (and a $5,000 payday) saved this lift. Excess strength can overcome a host of technical miscues.
</p>
<hr class="updates">
<p class="artimg"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/sultan_sm.jpg" class="floatleft" title="Sultan pull" />
Another “strength over-compensator” was the late, great Sultan Rakhmanov. He stood 6&#8217;1&#8221;, weighed 330, and simply manhandled world record poundage. Three time world champion, Olympic champion, Sultan was a genetic wonder found in Uzbekistan and brought to fruition by the mighty Big Red Soviet sports machine. Sultan was a powerhouse and relied on overwhelming strength to overcome technical shortcomings. He was world record level in all three lifts. Adequate technique combined with overwhelming power.</p>
<hr class="updates"><p>
{pagebreak}
</p><h4>Patera Power</h4>
<p>Here is a sampling of the lifts Ken Patera was capable of at his awesome peak….
<ul>
<li>Incline Press 		 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 		485 x 2 </li>
<li>Rack Press 	 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 			552</li>
<li>Power Clean 		 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 		505 </li>
<li>Hang clean 	 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 			486 x 3 </li> 
<li>High Pulls 	 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 			770 </li>
<li>Squat 		 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 			820 x 2 (no wraps or suit, super deep) </li>
<li>Front Squat 	 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 			650 x 3 </li>
<li>Bench Press 	 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;			560 (“I never did them.”) </li>
<li>Snatch 	 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 				387 official, 402 in training </li>
<li>Overhead Squat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 480 </li>
<li>Clean and Jerk &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 			506 official, 518 in training</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p class="article">Ken Patera was genetically predisposed towards Olympic lifting: he was strong and super athletic. His brother Jack Patera played football for the Baltimore Colts and was the head coach for the Seattle Seahawks from 1976 until 1982. Always athletic, Ken was one of the nation’s premier track and field weight throwers. Ken attended Brigham Young University on a scholarship and won a gold medal in the shot-put at the Pan American Games in 1967. After his disappointing 6th place finish in the shot-put at the 1968 Olympic trials, he turned his full and complete attention towards Olympic weightlifting. In December of 1969 he cleaned and stood erect with 501 pounds at a local competition in Portland, Oregon. He just missed the jerk, coming tantalizingly close to being the first man in history to lift 500 pounds overhead. Alexeev beat him to the 500 jerk in 1970. Ken finished in second place at the 1971 World Weightlifting Championships and was the first American to clean and jerk 500 (503½) pounds. This lift was done at the 1972 Senior National weightlifting championships in Detroit. He is the only American to ever clean and press 500 lb (507) and was the last American to excel at weightlifting on an international level. He was a serious challenger to the Soviet legend Vasily Alexeev. At the 1972 Summer Olympics he failed to total when he missed all three snatches. That same year the overhead press, Patera’s best lift, was dropped from Olympic lifting and Ken moved onto a long career as a topflight professional wrestler. </p>
<hr class="updates" />
<p class="article">Patera played football at Cleveland High School in Portland, Oregon and wrestled weighing 193 pounds. He ran the high hurdles and high jumped. Ken could dunk a basketball at age 14, standing 5&#8217;9&#8221;.&nbsp; As a college shot-putter he had numerous 69 foot + throws. His athletic ability and inherent explosiveness made him a prime candidate for Olympic lifting and his quick rise to the top was due to his incredible quickness and overwhelming power.&nbsp; At his physical peak, Patera stood 6&#8217;2"and weighed a rock solid 340 pounds. Ken eventually totaled 1,397, the highest three-lift total ever made by an American. His technique was adequate. <br /><br /></p><p>
{pagebreak}
</p><p class="article">Patera was a powerhouse – as were Vasily Alexeev, Serge Redding, Rudolph Mang and all the other superheavyweights that strode the earth at the end of the overhead press era. The press was allowed to devolve into a technique lift at the end of its existence by officials seeking an excuse to ban it. The same men that used eagle eyes to routinely turn down a snatch or a jerk for press-out were mysteriously paralyzed and impotent when it came to judging presses. Those skilled enough to detect an elbow touch on a squat clean were strangely unable to see a presser standing with bent knees awaiting the “Press!” command. Why would a head referee give a press command to a lifter, bent-legged and ready to push jerk, unless it had been authorized or insisted on by his superiors? </p>
<p class="artimg"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/group_sm.jpg" title="Patera, Redding, Alexeev" class="floatleft" />Good group: Patera, the mysterious Serge Redding, and the most dominant heavyweight of all time – Vasily Alexeev, who, by-the-way, had a 1,000 pound back squat. Power and strength were the coin of the realm when the press was still an Olympic lift. One good Patera tale: two young men came into the Portland gym where Patera trained and were told Ken was in the bathroom; the squat bar was loaded to 385 and the boys were thrilled, “This is great! We get to see Kenny squat!” Patera returned from the locker room, unceremoniously ducked under the bar, stepped back and set up to squat. At which point he proceeded to knock out a triple in the press-behind-the-neck.
</p>
<hr class="updates">
<p class="article">Once the press was banned, American Olympic weightlifting devolved back to a “the only thing needed to improve the Olympic lifts is to do the Olympic lifts” mentality; this dead end had been blown out of the water three decades prior by Paul Anderson. As philosopher Yogi Berra once observed, “It was déjà Vu all over again.”</p>
<p class="artimg"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/anderson_sm.jpg" title="Anderson clean" class="floatleft" />
The King of overwhelming power displays grotesque technique: the detractors called him “the uncouth hillbilly oaf.” His Olympic gold medal and utter and complete world domination reaffirmed the old Shakespearean adage, “He who laughs last laughs best.” Raw strength can overcome a host of technical shortcomings.&nbsp; Paul Anderson grew up in rural isolation. He lived in an era before TV, the internet, and strength magazines. He applied his idiot-savant-like “Rain Man” brain towards the acquisition of power and strength and came up with innovations we still use to this day. Anderson knew he would never be a great stylist and recognizing that fact, he reasoned that the way to overcome irresolvable technical deficiencies was to overcompensate by acquiring shock-and-awe strength. Subtlety be damned! Anderson didn’t finesse poundage, he overwhelmed poundage.</p>
<hr class="updates">
<p class="article">In 2012 American Olympic lifting is in the toilet and defenders of the entrenched status quo defend failed methodologies with all the vigor of dark-ages witch burners. Anyone who dares question the methods that fail to qualify a single lifter for the Olympics is branded a heretic; “How DARE YOU question the validity of our approach! This is settled science and any moron that suggests an alternative should be burned at the stake! Or at least declared persona non grata! Dissenting opinions are not welcome here!” And then the rational loops back around to the “foreign lifters are beating the drug test and were that not so, our methods would rule the world – plus we are squeaky clean, and this moral high ground trumps your piss-ant complaints.” We need look to the past, to men like Anderson, Patera, Alexeev and Taranenko to discover the way out of this maze we find ourselves lost in. Unfortunately, those entrenched seem to have tenure. </p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>
</p> 
      ]]></content>
    </entry>

    <entry>
      <title>Is Olympic Weightlifting Strength Training?</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/is_olympic_weightlifting_strength_training" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.246</id>
      <published>2012-04-18T05:18:20Z</published>
      <updated>2012-05-08T18:17:21Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Articles"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C26"
        label="Articles" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p>by Mark Rippetoe</p>

<blockquote><p>&#8220;When American weightlifting coaches remind us that the Olympic weightlifters from other countries are using steroids and we’re not, they are actually reminding us that they are stronger than we are.&#8221;	
</p></blockquote>

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<p class="article">I have written several times in a couple of different places that most Olympic weightlifters in
this country need a strength coach, separate from their sport coach, like many other sports all over the
world employ. This may seem odd to the large contingent that regards Olympic weightlifting as the
pinnacle of strength sport, so let me now begin my typical protracted explanation of exactly what I
mean by this heresy.</p>
<p class="article">I agree that Olympic weightlifting is an excellent expression of strength through its derivative
quantity <i>power</i>. Power is best understood as strength displayed quickly, and as such, power is dependent
on strength. You know this because it is blatantly obvious that an athlete with a 500 lb. deadlift has
a higher power clean than an athlete with a 200 lb. deadlift. Always true, every time. You cannot
clean what you are not strong enough to get off the floor, and the stronger you are the more you
can clean. The power that is produced when a weight is accelerated is a function of the ability to
recruit the neuromuscular machinery necessary to develop the force to accelerate it. Therefore, another
factor plays a large role in the ability to excel in weightlifting – the ability to make the force develop
explosively. This ability is heavily dependent on the genetic capacity for explosive movement, and to
say that it is predictive of elite levels of performance is a gross understatement.</p>
<p class="article">So, here’s the deal: The snatch and the clean and jerk are not themselves capable of producing
an increase in absolute strength over the long term, and are incapable of continuing to produce an
increase in their own performance when trained in the absence of heavy squats, deadlifts, and upperbody
strength exercises that constitute an absolute strength overload. In other words, programs that
rely solely on the snatch, the clean &amp; jerk, their derivative exercises, and front squats in the absence of
regularly programmed increases in the basic strength movements do not produce international-level
performances for athletes with less than elite genetics or the use of anabolic steroids. Furthermore, it is
quite likely that an athlete cannot reach his absolute potential in the Olympic lifts until he approaches
the same limit in training his absolute strength. Louie Simmons is on record as saying that we lose in
Olympic weightlifting at the international level because we are not as strong as they are. He may be
wrong about some of the details, but he is dead-ass on the money in his general assessment.</p>
<p class="article">Olympic weightlifting in the United States does not have the pick of the best genetic specimens
for strength and power. We’re in line behind the NFL, scholarship sports, and team sports at all levels
for recruiting these people. If you can’t get the best genetics, you have to make up for that with better
training of the ones you’ve got. We obviously don’t do that very well. Perhaps understanding why will
help.</p>
<hr class="updates"/>
<p class="article">Force production is the basis of power. <i>Strength</i> is the production of force against a resistance.
<i>Power</i> is the capacity for the rapid production of force against the resistance, the ability to recruit the
maximum amount of contractile force and apply it to the system so rapidly that it causes the system to
accelerate. Acceleration is the rate of change in the velocity of an object, and is completely dependent
on force production to occur, because force is required to produce a change in velocity. The greater
the amount of change in velocity desired, the greater the amount of force required. And since higher
velocity is the measure of acceleration, the quickness with which the force is applied determines that
velocity.</p>
<p class="article">In Olympic weightlifting, the barbell is being accelerated by the entire body as it produces
force against the predictably immovable floor and the hopefully moveable barbell. Both lifts display
a phase during which the barbell must have sufficient upward momentum to continue up during the
shift from being pulled to being caught in the final rack position. The barbell must be accelerated
sufficiently that its momentum carries it from the position where force stops being applied to it, up to
a position where it can be caught at the top. Of course, you have to be willing to get under the damn
thing after it’s there.</p>
<p class="article">Power is required to perform these two lifts because acceleration is a function of power. If a
barbell is to acquire sufficient momentum to “float” through the transition between pull and catch, it
must have a large enough amount of force applied to it in a very short amount of time. Snatches and
cleans cannot be performed slowly, and this is why we use them to both develop and measure power
production.</p>
<p class="article">Now, it is worth noting that not everybody in the S&amp;C business agrees that the Olympic lifts
are good for developing power. There are several papers in “The Literature” that assert a prodigious
lack of evidence that the Olympic lifts produce an <i>improvement</i> in power, that they are only good
for <i>displaying</i> power by people who are already powerful, and that an improvement in strength is the
mechanism by which power display increases. This is probably an extreme view, since the incrementally
increasable nature of the lifts makes them quite suitable for our purposes in training power for athletes.</p>
<p class="article">But to an unfortunately large extent, the capacity for explosion is controlled by the inherent
quality of the neuromuscular system – it is genetically predetermined. The factors probably include
both the ability of the nerves to send the signal efficiently and the ability of the muscle fibers to contract
quickly. The most common and effective method for assessing this capacity is the Vertical Jump test,
the best predictor of neuromuscular efficiency and the capacity for power production we have. It is
dependent on your ability to accelerate your body’s center of mass upward, and the distance it travels
up is a function of how fast it was moving when you broke contact with the floor and therefore stopped
applying force to the system. The momentum generated carries the body upward off the floor.<br /><br /></p><p>
{pagebreak}
</p><p class="article">The main problem with a sport that requires explosive capacity for an athlete that lacks it is
that explosive capacity is very difficult to develop, to the extent that putting 3-4 inches on an athlete’s
vertical jump is considered an excellent achievement in strength and conditioning. (The test is valuable
for what it tells you about the genetics of the athlete, and training to improve the test score is definitely
missing the point.) A vertical jump of 36 inches is a rare find, and indicative of an extremely efficient
neuromuscular system in a very explosive athlete. Whereas it is common to take a motivated athlete
from a squat of 135 up to well over 500 pounds, we can’t even add 30% to an athlete’s vertical, no
matter what you read on the internet, and this indicates a profound difference in the nature of the
two mechanisms. Absolute strength and explosive force production are interdependent but separate
qualities; Strength can be developed in anybody, but explosion is a gift. Sports that depend on explosion
also depend on genetically-endowed athletes.</p>
<p class="article">If you can’t get these people to play for you, you have to manipulate the interdependent
performance variables of the ones you have: the best way to develop the ability to display strength
rapidly is to <i>increase the strength you want to display</i>. It’s really cool that this works, because that’s often
the only recourse you have, failing the ability to recruit freaks into your program. Many very good
Olympic lifters have gotten that way by being determined to become god-awful strong, but at the
pinnacle of the modern version of the sport, a champion is both naturally explosive and god-awful
strong.</p>
<p class="article">This is why steroids are used by Olympic weightlifters – they don’t improve your technique,
and they can’t alter your genetics for explosion. Androgens do in fact improve explosive performance,
and this is most obviously seen in the differences in average vertical jump between men and women,
even after correcting for differences in LBM. But the mechanism responsible for this may just be the
obvious fact that steroids make you stronger, and this is recognized as important enough that you
risk your career to use them. When American weightlifting coaches remind us that the Olympic
weightlifters from other countries are using steroids and we’re not, they are actually reminding us that
they are stronger than we are.</p>
<p class="article">Remember the previous “duh” observation: an athlete with a 500 lb. deadlift can clean more
weight than an athlete with a 200 lb. deadlift. Always true, every time. In the final analysis, it really
doesn’t matter how fast an athlete can recruit maximum numbers of motor units if those recruited motor
units cannot produce enough force to perform the acceleration. Power is strength displayed quickly,
but if the strength is not there to display, the result is obvious. The difference between two lifters of
the same neuromuscular efficiency (as measured by vertical jump), the same technical proficiency (as
measured by the ability to produce a vertical bar path), and different levels of strength (as measured by
the squat and the deadlift) are quite predictable: the stronger of the two lifters wins.</p>
<hr class="updates"/>
<p class="article">
Why do the snatch and the clean &amp; jerk, in and of themselves, fail to develop high levels of
absolute strength? The glaringly obvious answer is that while they display the aspect of strength we
call “power,” neither of them utilize maximum loads over their range of motion. They do not test or
develop absolute strength because they are not heavy enough to be limited by the simple ability to
produce force independent of the speed of the contraction. A limit deadlift is an event that demands
the complete recruitment of <i>all</i> of the force-production machinery in the muscles, whereas a clean will
not be as efficient in doing so. For most lifters, the contraction in a ballistic movement must happen
so fast that the body cannot call all the motor units into contraction in that very short timeframe.
Remember pushing the merry-go-round as fast as you could and not being able to push it any faster
because your little legs just wouldn’t work any faster? It wasn’t because you weren’t strong enough; you
reached the limit of your ability to apply your strength because of the speed. The Olympic lifts are
similar: the quickness of the contraction limits its ability to be a complete summation of the activity
within the muscle.</p>
<p class="article">This limiting effect of the speed of contraction becomes less an encumbrance as the genetic
explosive quality of the athlete improves. People who can recruit high amounts of contractile force
rapidly – athletes with big vertical jumps – will be more efficient at doing so under heavy loads. This is
why these people make better weightlifters. For them, an explosive contraction is also a more-efficient
stimulator of absolute force development for more contractile machinery, and is probably why some
international-level lifters can get away with not doing deadlifts in training. They are strong in spite of
not deadlifting, because a clean for them is a more deadlift-like event, neurologically.</p>
<p class="article">Another important factor is the effect of working under a maximal load while maintaining a
solid isometric position through the whole range of motion. Movements limited to the lifter’s ability
to display power will undertrain strength because such movements don’t last long enough to stress
position-holding ability, which is most efficiently developed under heavy weights. Lighter explosive
efforts lack the elements of isometric stress and force transmission capacity for long enough an effort
to train the adaptation, which involves connective tissue strength as well as maximum force production
in the erectors and hamstrings. The ability to maintain a good position out over the bar through the
middle of a heavy clean is much more trainable in a slower, heavier pull. And the ability to stay in this
position produces the ability to use better pulling mechanics in an explosive pull, thus involving more
muscle mass in the explosion.</p>
<p class="article">The pull off the floor in its heaviest form is a deadlift; a clean or a snatch is lighter, and a lighter
pull cannot develop the ability to produce as much force against an external resistance as a heavy pull
can, unless you’re a freak. Most of us are not freaks. A jerk has been started off the shoulders by the
ground reaction of the knees and hips. So even though a jerk is heavier than a press, the jerk does not
test or develop the absolute strength of the ROM like a press does. The clean is usually caught at the
bottom with a ballistic sub-maximal front squat that, again, cannot test or develop absolute squatting
strength.<br /><br /></p><p>
{pagebreak}
</p><p class="article">The squat is used by Olympic lifters for overall strength, and the low-bar version of the
movement more closely resembles the back angle of the pull off the floor (the front squat is already
performed as a separate exercise). The primary advantage of the low-bar version is that it allows the use
of heavier weights, thus developing the ability to apply force against the external resistance provided
by the barbell, for weaker lifters – those most in need of getting stronger. Strength being a general
adaptation, and good athletes being able to use strength accurately when executing their sports-specific
practiced movements, it seems to me that the low-bar version would be the best one to use. But if
you’re doing <i>any style</i> squat with 800 pounds, you’re strong, and strength is the objective, not style.</p>
<p class="article">Again, this is why steroids are used by Olympic weightlifters. From the time they were
introduced in the 1960s up until this very afternoon, Olympic lifters have taken them for one reason
only: they make you stronger. Stronger is important, because if you’re stronger, you have more strength
to display explosively. Steroids make you stronger <i>even if you’re not training for strength</i>, which comes in
handy if your program doesn’t include deadlifts, heavy back squats, and presses challenged for PRs on
a regular, serious basis. Steroids enable Olympic lifters to get away with sub-optimal strength training
programmed into their meet preparation. Genetically strong men with steroids have excelled in the
sport for decades, even under coaches that do not understand their jobs clearly.</p>
<hr class="updates" />
<p class="article">The point is that the snatch and the clean &amp; jerk are good at testing strength displayed as
power, but by themselves they cannot <i>develop</i> it unless the lifter is a novice, for whom anything new
acts as an adaptive stimulus. This is related to why most American Olympic weightlifting coaches
think that a program based on the snatch and the clean &amp; jerk, with a few squats and front squats
thrown in as assistance exercises, works just fine for the continued development of the 2-lift total in
competition, despite the quite obvious historical fact that it doesn’t. It has to do with the nature of
team development in this country and in other programs around the world.</p>
<p class="article">The Gold Standard of team development is the recruitment of interested kids, from the ages
of 11 on up to the high school level. It is thought that age 18 – and perhaps even 16 or 17 – is too
late to start a kid that would have the potential to become a national or international-level lifter. So a
14-year-old kid coming up through the team ranks is a typical athlete working with a typical coach,
in more than just this sport. Such a kid is growing, and growing kids are getting stronger whether the
coach is doing anything to specifically affect their strength development or not. They are also maturing
hormonally, and this is true for both sexes. Like a novice, their normal growth occurs in the context of
training, and a coach that omits specific strength work in the basic exercises may see what appears to be
a strength improvement as a result of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with squats added as assistance
and no deadlifts, presses, or benches at all. What is actually happening is the kid is demonstrating a
strength increase parallel to his normal growth as he trains the two lifts, and as his growth slows, so
does his progress in the sport. I’ve seen it dozens of times, and you have too if you’ve been paying
attention.</p>
<hr class="updates">
<p class="article">
We know how to make athletes stronger. The lifts that are limited only by force production
capacity – the squat, deadlift, press, and yes, even the bench press – must be programmed in a way that
results in <i>regular increases in weight on the bar</i>. So, to make a stronger Olympic weightlifter, we must
make a stronger squatter, presser, and deadlifter.</p>
<p class="article">This is the heresy part. Conventional American wisdom holds that since heavy deadlifts are
done <i>slowly</i> and since you want to pull a clean <i>fast</i>, you shouldn’t deadlift. Or even worse, some coaches
actually believe that it is useless to get your deadlift <i>too strong</i> – too far over your clean, because that
represents productive time lost in training the clean. I am really not prepared to argue with anybody
that still thinks a 700-pound deadlift slows down a 525-pound clean, or that a heavy deadlift workout
for PR every two weeks somehow adversely affects the clean, because I don’t know what to say in the
face of such blind illogic. Except to say that a weight that feels light off the floor can be pulled faster
than a weight that is comparatively heavy. And that if you’re not in shape to recover from a heavy pull,
I can’t think of a better way to get in shape that doing heavy pulls. And that if you can keep your back
flat pulling 700, you can damn sure keep it flat when you accelerate through 525. Mischa Koklyaev
manages quite a bit better than 525/700. This fact itself, of course, proves nothing other than that <i>his
850 deadlift certainly as hell hasn’t slowed him down</i>, but it does correlate in a pleasing way.</p>
<p class="article">The same wisdom dictates that pressing for PRs is not useful, since a jerk is not a press.
Apparently being too strong overhead has been a problem at some point in American weightlifting
history, and this new policy has corrected the situation. Thank GOD for that, huh? What idiot ever
thought that getting a bar overhead had anything to do with being <i>strong</i> in that direction? Sneaking
under the bar from the position of a tricep extension with your elbows pointed forward works so much
better.</p>
<p class="article">And squatting is always controversial, isn’t it? We go back and forth about where the bar should
be on the back while we do singles with 440 pounds after our snatches and C&amp;Js, completely missing
the point that 440-pound singles <i>are just not strong enough</i>. And until they get to be about 600, our
time will be better spent worrying about squatting heavier than figuring out ways to break the snatch
into 13 different pieces. Squats for PRs – 5s are always best for getting just plain old strong – develop
the base of strength for pulling off the floor, front squatting out of the clean, and every other aspect of
strength for any barbell activity. Relegating them to assistance-exercise status, as many programs have
done, has gutted our athletes’ ability to compete with lifters for whom a 700 squat is assumed to be
baseline strength.<br /><br /></p><p>
{pagebreak}
</p><p class="article">
Now, it is obvious that some people are naturally stronger than other people, in the same
way that some people are naturally more explosive, prettier, smarter, and better-smelling than other
people. The difference in the Chinese National Weightlifting Team and ours is the caliber of athlete,
as measured by their genetic gifts of strength and power (I don’t know that their coaching is any
better). They have several million lifters to choose from. If your athletes are squatting 750 with a 36-
inch vertical, it doesn’t really matter how or why – steroids or genetics, they’re going to beat weaker,
less-efficient lifters, because strength displayed quickly wins the meet every single time. If your team
can recruit 36-inch verticals on naturally strong athletes, you have a definite advantage. We don’t
seem to be able to do this, and the reason doesn’t matter. It’s a cultural, social, fiscal fact that Olympic
weightlifting in the USA is not a popular sport that rewards its athletes well, and there’s really nothing
that can be done about that, especially in the short term.</p>
<p class="article">So, if your weightlifting teams have been slaughtered in the international arena for 3 decades,
and, partly as a result, you cannot recruit better genetics into your sport, perhaps it’s time to try a
different approach. Right now, we have two women and perhaps no men going to the 2012 Olympics
in weightlifting, and 70% of our current men’s American records in weightlifting were set prior to the
2008 Olympics, so I don’t see what we have to lose, except perhaps some demonstrably unproductive
coaching jobs. <i>What we have been doing for the past 30 years has not been working</i>, so a sane person
would try something different.</p>
<p class="article">How about we do the <b>unthinkable</b> and <i>require</i> our lifters to regularly, periodically improve
their performances in the squat, deadlift, and press, as a programming priority? By that I mean
codifying a regular increase in the basic strength movements with a proven method of doing so, like
sets of 5 squats, deadlifts, and presses approached as more than just assistance exercises done at the end
of the workout if there’s time and the coach is still around. Maybe the coach puts a little more weight
on the squat and deadlift bar each week or two, and the lifter actually lifts it as though it is important
to make PRs in your strength too. We have time right now, since we’re not doing anything much in
London this summer, so why don’t we try this approach for 6 months and see what happens? That will
be plenty of time to find out.</p>
<p class="article">I have been following the activities of USAW’s national program at the US Olympic Training
Center in Colorado Springs since 1985, and at no point in the last 27 years has any national coach
required a PR deadlift or back squat as a regular, formal part of the training program<b>**</b>.</p>
<p class="article">The emphasis has instead been on the snatch and the clean &amp; jerk, under the assumption that
doing these two lifts and myriad variations of them will drive up performances in the lifts at a meet. It
hasn’t. The overwhelming majority of lifters that were strong enough to display their strength quickly
enough to get into the program at Colorado Springs immediately stagnate upon the removal of basic
strength work from their training. The norm is an athlete who makes little or no progress for the entire
time of residence in the program. This is clearly and solely a coaching problem, since no athlete goes
there to fuck around.</p>
<hr class="updates"/>
<p class="article">Shane Hamman (1008 squat in 1996) told me when he was here for our interview that he
was not allowed to deadlift or squat heavy during his time as a resident athlete. Dragomir Ciroslan,
the men’s national coach at the time, told me personally after watching Shane squat 804 in a pair of
shorts and a t-shirt, that he would only be impressed by this if Shane could turn it into a big snatch
and C&amp;J. His subsequent training involved no heavy weights in any movements except the two lifts,
weights that were not heavy for Shane in terms of his absolute strength. Dragomir apparently failed
to appreciate the fact that Shane had arrived at the OTC without the benefit of the advanced, highly-effective coaching found <i>only there</i>, and that perhaps an 804 very raw squat was one of the reasons why
he got there at all. Going into a program in which he was not allowed to develop or even maintain his
squat strength, or deadlift anything heavy, might well have had a profound effect on his perception of
what “heavy” actually was. Shane might have some valuable insight into this problem, but I’m the only
guy that asks him about it? Has it just not occurred to anybody else?</p>
<p class="article">Back in the 1960s when the Unites States was still performing at the international level, our
top lifters did heavy deadlifts, heavy squats, and heavy presses for PRs as a primary part of their
training. None of them had a shirt that said “I don’t bench press” or “I don’t deadlift – I’m much
more athletic than that” or some other such haughty proclamation of imaginary elite-hood. They just
considered themselves <i>lifters</i>, not Olympic weightlifters, because <i>they trained heavy in all the lifts</i>. Most
contemporary American weightlifters do not. Correlation, or causation? You decide.</p>
<hr class="updates" />
<hr class="title" />
<hr class="updates" />
<p><i>Thanks to Stef Bradford and Steve Hill with help in preparation of this article.</i></p>

<p><b>**</b>Example programs from USAW
<ol>
<li><a href="http://content.yudu.com/A1uynn/USAWeightlifting0112/resources/2.htm" target="blank">Recent example</a> published in USAW’s magazine Jan 2012 (see page 7)</li>
<li><a href="http://startingstrength.com/files/usaw/paul_otc.xls" target="blank">Older example</a> from the OTC</li>
<li>Long-standing USAW program: <a href="http://startingstrength.com/files/usaw/usaw_1.xls">part 1</a>, <a href="http://startingstrength.com/files/usaw/usaw_2.xls">part 2</a>, <a href="http://startingstrength.com/files/usaw/usaw_3.xls">part 3</a>.</li>
</ol>
</p>
<hr class="title" />

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>
</p> 
      ]]></content>
    </entry>

    <entry>
      <title>Starting Strength Series : Marty Gallagher (part 2)</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/starting_strength_series_marty_gallagher_part_2" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.245</id>
      <published>2012-04-09T18:29:36Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-29T22:33:37Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Interviews"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C28"
        label="Interviews" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p><iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/39658922?byline=0&amp;portrait=0" width="375" height="249" frameborder="0" align="middle" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen></iframe></p>
<p>Rip interviews Marty Gallagher - lifter, writer and coach of champions.&nbsp; Part 2 of 2.</p>
<div id="extended"><p><a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/starting_strength_series_marty_gallagher" title="part one" class="button" />Part one</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/resources/forum/showthread.php?t=30016" title="discuss" class="button">Discuss in Forum</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/resources" title="Resources Page" class="button">Resources Page</a><br />
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    <entry>
      <title>Iron Icons: Phil Grippaldi</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/iron_icons_phil_grippaldi" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.244</id>
      <published>2012-04-05T03:33:55Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-30T10:15:56Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Articles"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C26"
        label="Articles" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p>by Marty Gallagher</p>

<p class="center"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/grippaldi_press.jpg" align="center" /></p>

<blockquote><p>&#8220;Phil Grippaldi mattered. In the weightlifting world he was one of America’s brightest stars of the 1960s. Ultimately, for a variety of reasons, he never quite delivered on his awesome potential. His entry onto the American scene was meteoric&#8230;&#8221;
</p></blockquote>

<div id="extended">Read Article: <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/grippaldi_history_gallagher.pdf"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/pdficon.png" class="icon"/></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/grippaldi_history_gallagher_kindle.mobi"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/kindleicon.png" class="icon" /></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/resources/forum/showthread.php?t=30130" class="button"> Discuss in Forums</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/resources" class="button">Resources Page</a></div><p>
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    <entry>
      <title>Starting Strength Series : Marty Gallagher</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/starting_strength_series_marty_gallagher" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.242</id>
      <published>2012-03-31T00:39:26Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-29T22:37:27Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Interviews"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C28"
        label="Interviews" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p><iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/39452544?byline=0&amp;portrait=0" width="375" height="249" frameborder="0" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen></iframe></p>

<p>Rip interviews Marty Gallagher - lifter, writer and coach of champions.</p>

<div id="extended"><p><a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/starting_strength_series_marty_gallagher_part_2" title="part two" class="button" />Part 2</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/resources/forum/showthread.php?t=30016" title="discuss" class="button">Discuss in Forum</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/resources" title="Resources Page" class="button">Resources Page</a><br />
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    </entry>

    <entry>
      <title>The York Barbell Series &#45; Exhibitions II</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/the_york_barbell_series_exhibitions_ii" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.241</id>
      <published>2012-03-28T21:27:09Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-29T22:42:10Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Articles"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C26"
        label="Articles" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p>by Bill Starr</p>

<blockquote><p>&#8220;...Barski was all grins as he stepped up to the bar for his final lift with the same weight. But what he didn’t realize was that Tommy had spent a good bit of time practicing this move in the York Gym when no one was around before he tried it in public. And he had told me that it was not easy to do. It was a great deal more complicated than it looked. This was something that Barski figured out that day, and almost too late.&#8221;
</p></blockquote>

<div id="extended">Read Article: <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/york_exhibitions2_starr.pdf"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/pdficon.png" class="icon"/></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/york_exhibitions2_starr_kindle.mobi"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/kindleicon.png" class="icon" /></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/resources/forum/showthread.php?t=28439" class="button"> Discuss in Forums</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/resources" class="button">Resources Page</a></div><p>
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    <entry>
      <title>Strongmen of the Crescent City</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/strongmen_of_the_crescent_city" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.240</id>
      <published>2012-03-21T20:38:51Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-29T22:46:52Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Articles"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C26"
        label="Articles" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p><b>Weightlifting at the New Orleans Athletic Club, 1872-1972</b></p>

<p>by John D Fair</p>

<p class="center"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/noac_50.png"></p>

<blockquote><p>&#8220;Outside the purview of the multitudes of tourists and merrymakers that descend upon the French Quarter each year sits the New Orleans Athletic Club (NOAC) on Rampart Street. Since 1872 this venerable institution has played a significant role in the real cultural life of Louisiana’s largest city&#8230;the NOAC served as a medium for channeling youthful energies and talent into a larger competitive arena and thereby constructing a distinctively male identity. Nowhere is this socialization dynamic more evident than in the weightlifting program where NOAC strongmen challenged some of the country’s best teams and helped make New Orleans a hotbed of physical culture.&#8221;
</p></blockquote>

<div id="extended">Read Article: <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/noac_history_fair.pdf"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/pdficon.png" class="icon"/></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/noac_history_fair_kindle.mobi"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/kindleicon.png" class="icon" /></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/resources/forum/showthread.php?t=29824" class="button"> Discuss in Forums</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/resources" class="button">Resources Page</a></div><p>
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    </entry>

    <entry>
      <title>Full Squats or Not</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/full_squats_or_not" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.235</id>
      <published>2012-02-21T01:09:21Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-30T09:00:22Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Articles"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C26"
        label="Articles" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p>by Tommy Suggs</p>

<p class="center"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/amber_squat.jpg"></p>

<blockquote><p>&#8220;In my opinion, one of the books of the last century that will be considered as having a great impact on the sport of weightlifting is</i> <b>The Knee in Sports</b> by Karl K. Klein and Fred L. Allman, Jr. The majority of articles and books on weightlifting that have condemned the full squat cite this book as their authority&#8230;I liked Karl and we discussed his views on full squats. In fact, I was one of the lifters tested as part of his research. He personally showed me how he recommended weight trainees – specifically athletes – to perform squats.&#8221;
</p></blockquote>

<div id="extended">Read Article: <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/squat_klein_suggs.pdf"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/pdficon.png" class="icon"/></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/squat_klein_suggs_kindle.mobi"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/kindleicon.png" class="icon" /></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/resources/forum/showthread.php?t=29117" class="button"> Discuss in Forums</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/resources" class="button">Resources Page</a></div><p>
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    <entry>
      <title>The York Barbell Series &#45; Exhibitions</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/the_york_barbell_series_exhibitions" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.234</id>
      <published>2012-01-27T01:07:14Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-29T22:54:15Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Articles"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C26"
        label="Articles" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p>by Bill Starr</p>

<blockquote><p>&#8220;...By the time they got home, they had covered over 3000 miles and had put on thirty exhibitions. And they wore out a new set of tires. Little wonder, with such a load. Grimek said they carried so much weight that the big car set low like a sports car and was a lethal force with the 400 lbs suspended on the front bumper.&#8221;
</p></blockquote>

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    </entry>

    <entry>
      <title>The Year in Strength Science 2011</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/the_year_in_strength_science_2011" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.233</id>
      <published>2012-01-19T21:01:58Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-30T09:03:59Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Articles"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C26"
        label="Articles" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p>by  Jonathon Sullivan</p>

<p class="center"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/bar_graph.png"></center>

<blockquote>&#8220;This will be the first in an annual series surveying the scientific literature on strength training. Hopefully, it won’t also be the last, but that’s really up to you. It’s an experiment. I’m going to present a selection of papers published over the last year relating to That Thing We Do. While they’ll all have relevance, they won’t all have quality. The goal is to highlight some papers that may fruitfully change our practice, while exposing some papers which are just baloney, but which may be waved in your general direction as an excuse for doing something stupid.&#8221;
</blockquote>

<div id="extended">Read Article: <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/2011_science_sullivan.pdf"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/pdficon.png" class="icon"/></a>&nbsp; <a href="http://startingstrength.com/resources/forum/showthread.php?t=28456" class="button"> Discuss in Forums</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/resources" class="button">Resources Page</a></div>
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    </entry>

    <entry>
      <title>Starting Strength Series : Kirk Karwoski</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/starting_strength_series_kirk_karwoski" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.232</id>
      <published>2012-01-11T19:56:27Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-30T17:36:29Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Interviews"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C28"
        label="Interviews" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p><iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/34936167?byline=0&amp;portrait=0" width="375" height="248" frameborder="0" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen></iframe></p>

<p>Powerlifting - training - strength.</p>

<div id="extended"><a href="http://startingstrength.com/resources/forum/showthread.php?t=28454" title="discuss" class="button">Discuss in Forum</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/resources" title="Resources Page" class="button">Resources Page</a></div><p>
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    </entry>

    <entry>
      <title>Strength Training &amp;amp; Stroke Recovery</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/strength_training_stroke_recovery" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.231</id>
      <published>2012-01-06T21:49:53Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-30T09:09:55Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Articles"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C26"
        label="Articles" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p>by Todd Peters</p>

<blockquote><p>&#8220;It was Thursday, October 29th, 2008 and I had evening no-gi practice at my local Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu club. My neck had been sore for a few weeks, but anyone who has spent any amount of time training in a grappling sport knows that this is nothing new – you do your neck bridges and get stronger, then next time you get thrown you won’t tweak your damn neck. What I didn’t know was that this time there was a bomb waiting to go off inside my head…&#8221;
</p></blockquote>

<div id="extended">Read Article: <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/stroke_recovery_peters.pdf"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/pdficon.png" class="icon"/></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/stroke_recovery_peters_kindle.mobi"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/kindleicon.png" class="icon" /></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/resources/forum/showthread.php?t=28453" class="button"> Discuss in Forums</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/resources" class="button">Resources Page</a></div><p>
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    <entry>
      <title>Strength Training Seniors</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/strength_training_seniors" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2012:index.php/site/index/1.230</id>
      <published>2012-01-02T21:38:42Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-30T09:12:43Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Articles"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C26"
        label="Articles" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p>by  Gillian Mounsey</p>

<p class="center"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/ss_fy3.jpg">&nbsp; <img src="http://startingstrength.com/articles/ss_fy1.jpg"></p>

<blockquote><p>&#8220;My philosophy was and remains focused on what a client can do versus focusing on what he or she cannot do. There is nothing worse than beginning with a list of contraindications that left both me and the client unclear as to how to proceed. I chose to begin with a list of “can dos.” My programs are guided by three principles: 1) Is it safe? 2) Is it fun (fun being relative)? 3) Are they making measurable progress?&#8221;
</p></blockquote>

<div id="extended">Read Article: <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/training_seniors_mounsey.pdf"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/pdficon.png" class="icon"/></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/articles/training_seniors_mounsey_kindle.mobi"><img src="http://startingstrength.com/images/ss3/kindleicon.png" class="icon" /></a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/resources/forum/showthread.php?t=28452" class="button"> Discuss in Forums</a> <a href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/resources" class="button">Resources Page</a></div><p>
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    </entry>

    <entry>
      <title>Instavision: IronPundit</title>
      <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/instavision_ironpundit" />
      <id>tag:startingstrength.com,2011:index.php/site/index/1.229</id>
      <published>2011-12-22T17:35:07Z</published>
      <updated>2012-04-30T17:37:08Z</updated>
      <author>
            <name>seb</name>
            <email>stef@startingstrength.com</email>
                  </author>

      <category term="Q&amp;A"
        scheme="http://startingstrength.com/index.php/site/C27"
        label="Q&amp;A" />
      <content type="html"><![CDATA[
        <p><object style="height: 229px; width: 375px"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Q_VcmiM3m2E?version=3&amp;feature=player_detailpage"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Q_VcmiM3m2E?version=3&amp;feature=player_detailpage" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="375" height="229"></object></p>

<p>Mark Rippetoe, author of &#8220;Starting Strength&#8221; joins <a href="http://pjmedia.com/instapundit/">Glenn Reynolds</a> to discuss body building, weight training and barbell training. Hear how the Instapundit stays in shape, and what it takes to build a body of steel. Planning a gym related New Year&#8217;s resolution? Then watch this <a href="http://www.pjtv.com/?cmd=mpg&amp;load=6461&amp;mpid=86">InstaVision</a>.</p>

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