Clinical Guidelines Committee (CGC) members (clinicians and nonclinician public members) and CGC Public Panel members were asked a priori to independently rate the importance of evaluated outcomes. Quality of life; erectile function; cognitive function; and harms, including serious adverse events, major adverse cardiovascular events, deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, mortality, and prostate cancer, were rated as critical outcomes. Energy and vitality, physical function, mood (depression), fracture reduction, libido, and lower urinary tract symptoms were rated as important outcomes. All critical and important outcomes were considered in developing the recommendations. Sexual function included self-reported overall sexual function and erectile function and was measured by the Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scales. The IIEF domains include erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction; the AMS scale assesses disturbances in potency, decreased morning erections, decreased libido and sexual activity, decreased beard growth, and the “impression of having passed the zenith of life.” Data reported in standardized mean differences (SMDs) were interpreted as small (SMD, 0.2), medium (SMD, 0.5), and large (SMD, 0.8) effects (12).