The way Starting Strength uses these terms is solely about rate of ability to progress, not about strength levels.
The only criterion that distinguishes between novice/intermediate/advanced:
How often can the trainee add weight to the bar?
Novices can add weight every 48-72 hours. Intermediates every week or so. Advanced means adding weight in longer periods (months).
Who Wants to be a Novice? You Do | Mark Rippetoe