Originally Posted by
spacediver
I think that at least part of the answer is that in throwing movements, "passive torque" may account for a lot of the performance.
Think of a whip. You generate a wave at the thick heavy leathery end near the hand, and that wave travels up to the tapered thin end. Conservation of momentum means that the product of mass and velocity is conserved. At the lighter end, this means that velocity must increase. The crack of a whip is actually a sonic boom, as it is traveling faster than the speed of sound.
In a throw, or a tennis serve, a similar phenomenon is thought to occur, where rotation of the torso can be thought of as the heavy end of the whip. Staying loose is an important part of throwing technique, the idea being that you can allow momentum to be channeled from the heavier segments of the kinetic chain into the lighter ones.
I remember hearing about a study where a nerve blocking agent was given to the triceps of baseball pitchers, and they were still able to throw pretty fast (I'd have to check this reference).