Vox Day? Who is this clown and how does he have an opinion about the peer review process for publishing scientific articles? Many journals publish reviewer comments as well as the author response. If you want to understand peer review without actually doing science and going through the publishing process, look at the reviews for an article in an open source journal. Here is an example: https://elifesciences.org/content/5/e20797 (scroll down to 'Decision letter' and 'Author response'). Vox Day wouldn't understand a single sentence of this correspondence, so his criticism of the peer-review process as well as his interpretation of the distinction between science and engineering is useless. Science is not about 'credentials'; it is about experimental DATA! The real currency of science is data—a Nobel Laureate's theory can be proven wrong by a first-year grad student with data.
Both science and engineering use the 'scientific method' which entails: coming up with an idea, designing/performing experiments to prove/disprove the idea, and observing as well as interpreting the result. The fundamental difference is that science seeks to understand naturally-occurring processes, while engineering seeks to utilize or exploit these processes to produce a specific result. For example, electrical engineering utilizes our understanding of electricity (obtained through PUBLISHED scientific studies) to make electricity do useful stuff. The basis of engineering is published, peer-reviewed science. Engineering also has a peer review process, and it's called whether whatever you are trying to do actually works. There are plenty of engineering mishaps (Hindenburg, Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Challenger Shuttle, Chernobyl...) that anyone could point to as an argument against engineering being the 'testable, reliable science'.
Starting Strength is truly spectacular—I tell anyone who expresses any glimpse of interest in lifting weights that it is amazing how well such a simple-looking program works. It is true that the program is 'engineered', but you came up with it through the scientific method. You conceived and designed the the program, you did the experiment (i.e. got people to follow the program), you documented the results, you interpreted the results, you changed parameters, you observed... In the process, you uncovered novel information about how the body adapts to strength training, and that is why the program you 'engineered' works so well. You are a scientist