Psychogenic polydipsia: This is one of the most common causes of PU/PD in mature stabled horses. Psychogenic polydipsia is a behaviour often seen in young animals and is associated with boredom, possibly induced by changes in diet or environment... Owners report that horses with PU/PD drink 2-3 times more water than their stable mates and their stables are often flooded with urine. The response to water deprivation depends on the chronicity of the disease; if PU/PD is not long-standing (several weeks), affected horses usually concentrate their urine. In long-standing cases, the urine is not concentrated. This is probably due to renal “medullary wash-out,” where the normal osmotic gradients between the renal interstitium and the tubular lumen are reduced. As a result, water cannot be reabsorbed from the renal tubules and tubules do not respond to the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that is present at high concentrations. Horses with “medullary washout” and psychogenic polydipsia usually concentrate their urine in response to the gradual restriction of water, as practiced in the modified water deprivation test.