Had to do a little bit of digging...Rogue's explanation of its F-scale for barbells cites three studies from the 1950's about chrome plating's effects on the durability of steel (saying it makes the steel less durable, the studies were done on industrial equipment). I tried to find something more recent but google didn't turn up anything for me. I did find an article about chrome vs stainless steel as it relates to medical equipment.
I think in conclusion, go with stainless steel over chrome plating if you can afford it.