When did I say chokes should be used as a first resort, or that you said it? I said cops shouldn't be choking people period. The article you posted isn't even about first resorts, it's about trying to ban the one exception where chokes were allowed: when deadly force is in use. If it's time to use deadly force, the officer better be drawing their service pistol because again, the extent of your average cops knowledge is from watching some MMA fights and that doesn't get you very far.
A safer alternative if things escalate to use of non lethal force is positional control and calling for backup if necessary. If you are choking someone, you can't handcuff them. With few exceptions, if you are choking someone, you do not have any free hands to defend yourself from other threats. Not that any of that even matters in the case of Floyd, since there were 3 officers on scene when Chauvin was surfing on his cervical spine. All that was necessary was for one officer to keep Floyd pinned with their knee on his lumbar and another officer to peel one of Floyd's arms at a time behind his back to cuff him, roll him over, and lift him up to get him in the squad car.
Police should learn to grapple on a basic level? Yes. Will they on their own accord? Likely not. And the number of mat hours needed to be competent in life or death situations and maintain that skillset it is probably too much for departments to want to adopt mandated training and eat into working hours, considering even MCMAP black belts are by and large trash after the hours they put in unless they continue to actually train outside of the military.
It's actually such an ineffective choke in fact that Cyborg has tapped multiple people with it in competition, including in the 2010 no gi worlds finals... Has worked fine for me for years too. It's possible Chauvin's knee wasn't causing breathing problems but go get one of your 200lb+ training partners to do it to you and get back to me; I'm not a fan personally. It's possible Floyd was being positionally asphyxiated. It's possible he was dealing with what many people deal with on their first days of grappling, panic breathing. It's possible he was having a heart attack and because some dude thought the back of his neck looked like a nice place to take a knee he didn't receive medical attention. But dead men tell no tales.
I'm not a cop. That said, there's some... interesting opinions to sort through here.
You are right that competition is different from real life. One of the chief differences is that competition is much more difficult because the other person typically knows what they're doing too. The stakes aren't as high, but believe me when I tell you that a street fight and competition can both illicit a similar adrenal response. And while I've competed a fair amount, the rules are whatever you want them to be in the gym if your partner is up for it. If you want to train with strikes, with simulated weapons, against multiple people you can. There's no one telling you what to do outside of a competition. I'm honestly not even sure what you're arguing here. Do you think cops have access to some secret method to prepare for violent arrests that make them any more capable?
In the context of a violent arrest, do you realize the following:
-You can be outnumbered and attacked by another person than the one you are dealing with whether you are standing or on the ground. The answer here is backup and/or disengage from the threats.
-Committing either or both your hands to a choke, whether standing or on the ground, will inherently make you slower to react to additional threats.
-Untrained people, cops included, end up on the ground in fights with such alarming regularity that you'd think that banana peels were scattered on the ground as soon as a scuffle starts.
-Cops who end up on their backs need to be able to change that immediately because their service weapon is now much more accessible.
Fingertip grab of the trachea? That's the rape choke, man. You might as well add some pressure point strikes in the mix. Every single choke that works does so due to having a backstop opposite the compressive force, because otherwise there's nothing stopping the person from moving away from that force. Coincidentally, the ground works pretty well in this case. But to be honest, if you're gonna rape choke someone, it better damn well be to hold their head in place on the ground while you punch them because it takes a relatively long time for someone to go out from asphyxiation and you're in for a rough surprise if you think pain compliance works on everyone, especially when adrenaline kicks in.
None of those positions I mentioned are isometric holds and trying to squeeze and hold on makes them less effective. They aren't hard to learn and rely on proper body positioning, your bodyweight, and mean ol' Mr. Gravity. I've taught literal children how to achieve and maintain these positions.
I already addressed the training issue above but yeah, it would cost a lot of money to train cops at the level needed. Which is why it's probably a better idea for cops to focus on de-escalation and strength in numbers and since I doubt that ever happens I'd kind of just rather cops know what the fuck they're doing when it comes to restraining people.
There are 4 cops I have trained with regularly for years and a handful of others that have come and gone just like 90% of BJJ first timers in a city of 400k-500k people. I only know a handful more cops that train in other gyms spread throughout my area and I know a lot of people who train in the local scene. I probably know more firefighters that train than cops and I sure as shit know an order of magnitude more active duty or retired military who train than cops. I doubt there's nationwide stats available on this, but go ask a cop you know if they actively train in any combat sport outside of departmental training and how often. Then ask how many other officers they know do too. I think you might be surprised how low the numbers you hear back are relative to the size of the department.